Technology is reshaping our world faster than we can fully comprehend, and nowhere is this change more evident than in the lives of Generation Z.
By Dr. Tim Orr
Technology is reshaping our world at an unprecedented rate, and nowhere is this change more visible than in the lives of Generation Z. Born into a world where smartphones and social media are the norm, this generation faces unique challenges beyond simple distractions. Social scientists like Jonathan Haidt have raised concerns about how these digital tools are altering not only mental health but also the very fabric of human relationships. For Christians, these changes should be of particular concern because they influence emotional and psychological well-being and how we engage with God, each other, and the broader world.
While Haidt's research on technology's social and emotional toll provides a compelling foundation, it's important to approach this subject with nuance. Technology itself is not inherently harmful; rather, how it is used determines its impact. Many churches and Christian communities have embraced digital tools to spread the gospel, facilitate discipleship, and build relationships in previously unimaginable ways. The question is not whether technology is "good" or "bad" but how Christians can harness its power in ways that align with biblical values while mitigating its potential dangers.
Haidt’s research reveals that critical aspects of human development, such as unsupervised play and face-to-face interaction, are declining. For Christians, this is not just a sociological issue—it has deep spiritual implications. Jesus calls His followers to live relationally, loving their neighbors as themselves (Mark 12:31). Digital distractions can make it harder for young people to practice meaningful neighborly love, weakening the community bonds essential for Christian life. However, while these challenges are real, churches and families are finding ways to use technology to foster rather than hinder relationships, such as small groups that meet online or Bible studies facilitated through digital platforms.
When Haidt describes the current trend as "the greatest destruction of human capital in history," he is referring to more than just economic potential—he's highlighting a loss of emotional resilience and social skills. For Christians, this loss is significant because discipleship is deeply relational. The church is meant to be a place where trust, accountability, and face-to-face mentorship are core to spiritual growth. Yet, as screen time replaces personal connections, the church's challenge is reclaiming its role in fostering deep, transformative relationships. While this is difficult, churches prioritizing mentorship, community involvement, and intergenerational fellowship can counteract the isolation technology sometimes creates.
Haidt’s research also shows that Generation Z's challenges are not confined to one culture—they are global. Young people worldwide are experiencing similar struggles with anxiety, social isolation, and emotional instability due to technology’s pervasive influence. For the global church, this presents both a challenge and an opportunity. Churches across cultures must find ways to create faith communities that help Generation Z navigate this hyper-connected world while fostering genuine relationships and spiritual growth. This task requires cultural sensitivity, as the role of technology varies in different contexts. What works in an American church may need to be adapted for Christian communities in other parts of the world.
One of the most hopeful aspects of human development is the concept of neuroplasticity—the brain's ability to rewire itself in response to new experiences and habits. Overexposure to digital technology can negatively affect young minds, but the opposite is true. Parents and church leaders can help foster emotional resilience and social skills that align with Christian values by making intentional changes, such as limiting screen time and encouraging real-world interactions. Simple practices like reducing smartphone use during family meals, promoting face-to-face conversations, and encouraging outdoor activities can positively affect children’s cognitive and spiritual development. This is not just about changing media habits; it's about cultivating patience, empathy, and relational depth—key traits in Christian discipleship.
As Christians, we should recognize that the “rewiring” caused by digital technology isn’t just affecting how children learn but also how they grow spiritually. Christian formation traditionally involves real-world engagement, creativity, and exploration of God's creation. However, when most of a child's experiences occur in virtual spaces, there is a risk that their understanding of God and relationships becomes abstract rather than deeply personal. Churches have responded by integrating technology in ways that nurture rather than hinder spiritual formation. Online Bible studies, virtual worship services, and digital discipleship programs are all examples of how technology can foster a deeper faith when approached thoughtfully.
Social media platforms, designed to maximize engagement, often exacerbate anxiety and insecurity, particularly among young people. For Christians, this is especially concerning because our identity is rooted in Christ, not in the approval of others. However, the performative nature of social media fosters a culture of comparison, making it harder for young believers to find peace in their God-given identity. The church is important in teaching young people that their worth is found in being children of God, not in accumulating likes or followers. This means equipping parents, youth leaders, and pastors to have open conversations about social media, helping young people navigate its pressures while staying grounded in their faith.
The more time young people spend online, the more disconnected they often feel from real-life relationships, leading to a growing sense of meaninglessness. For Christians, this disconnection is especially tragic because it undermines the community we are called to build in the body of Christ. Authentic, deep relationships are essential for spiritual growth and discipleship. The church must continue to foster environments where young people can form meaningful relationships, whether in person or online. By prioritizing real, deep connections, churches can counter the fragmentation that social media and digital distractions often cause.
Haidt suggests delaying the introduction of smartphones and social media for children—a recommendation that aligns with the biblical mandate to “train up a child in the way he should go” (Proverbs 22:6). Christian parents and church leaders have a unique opportunity to create spaces where children can grow in their faith without being overwhelmed by digital distractions. However, this doesn’t mean rejecting technology entirely. Instead, it’s about setting healthy boundaries and using technology to promote spiritual and emotional growth. Christian families can help their children develop strong foundations in their faith by encouraging real-world interactions, fostering creativity, and cultivating patience.
Ultimately, technology is neither the enemy nor the savior of Generation Z. It is a tool that can be used for good or ill, depending on how we engage with it. The church has always been at its best when offering something countercultural. In this digital age, the countercultural message is clear: Deep, meaningful relationships with God and others are what truly matter. By modeling a life that prioritizes real-world engagement, intentional discipleship, and spiritual depth, the church can offer Generation Z an alternative to the anxiety-driven, fragmented world of social media. Let’s help young believers rediscover this truth and live it out in both the digital and real worlds, building communities that reflect the love, peace, and relational depth found in Christ.
By adopting a balanced approach, Christians can engage with technology wisely—using it to strengthen faith while being vigilant about its potential pitfalls. The church has the opportunity to offer hope and guidance, helping Generation Z grow into resilient, spiritually grounded individuals who know how to navigate the complexities of the digital world while staying rooted in their identity in Christ.
Reference
Haidt, J. (2024, August 11). We're heading for civilizational collapse [Podcast episode]. In Triggernometry. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aOqId5ObMi4
The ideas in this article are mine, but AI assisted in writing it.
Tim Orr is an Evangelical minister, conference speaker, and interfaith consultant with over 30 years of experience in cross-cultural ministry. He holds six degrees, including a master’s in Islamic studies from the Islamic College in London. Tim taught Religious Studies for 15 years at Indiana University Columbus and is now a Congregations and Polarization Project research associate. He has spoken at universities, including Oxford, and mosques throughout the U.K. His research focuses on American Evangelicalism, Islamic antisemitism, and Islamic feminism, and he has published widely, including three books.
